Process of permanently waving hair and apparatus therefor



July 5, 1932- R. CASTELLA ET'AL PROCESS OF PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR AND APPARATUS THEREFOR Filed Feb. 24. 1950 lzlll'luli Patented July 5, 1932 an1 1rri'zin v PATENT :GFF'ICE IRQCESSAQEPERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR AN D..AIPPAR\ATUS.THEREFOR '..;.A15p1ication'fi1efl" February 24,1930, Serial No; 4305776, and. in swifszerland April 9, 1929..

louheating at a temperature' insufiiciently high rm-11 st,-

'ordi-zr to attain *the' desired result, be prolonged too much this 'is liable toevap prate the liquidsnnder 'the' influence of'w'h ich i theceratineistoibemo'difiedand consequently '-i=to.adryit-he hair-' -which swells; bu-rsts-and loses 1* :itssuppleness.

N: The process accordingtothe present inven- 5 --tionhas: for its object' to 'lim'it "to astrict i minimuin thdzdurationofthe heating; to'- reliquid to be evaponated 'orderitoefi ect the t medifi'cationoi the*eeraitin-ahd thus'to bring aboutin a very short space of 'timei-theitransiormation e fstraiglht into "Wavyhair.

The apparatus "according to :the" invention for carrying this process.intopraeticecom- "prises-( 61 moistening devieeseach. composed of a thinsheetbfrmetal'iand a layer of' fibrous material; which moistenersvare intended'to' be fadeta-eliably --placed' onitheuvarious '-tresses or locks er 'ha-i-r' wound eonitheusnal'mandrels, a =heating device mounted on a-s'leeve and intendedto be pl aoedsuccessii ely. andsfor a predetermined ti-meon *eachmoistener.

One form I nfapparatusaccording "tothe 1 invention is idiagrammaticadly illustrated by f way .ofiexanrpletin :the- "accompanying drawing, wherein SYF'igu-re '1'-showsyin="sectionPand'in elevation several'lno'isteners arranged on the mandrels "each carrying a lock'ioif hair,

Figure Q'is an elevationfpartly'in"vertical sect-ionl 'showi-ng an-e'lectric heating device,

*Figure Quas'hows. a modification of the "means for securing a -timing element .to the heater handle,

J Figure 3'sh'ows'ron anenlarged scale a lon- ;"'gitudina1 section of: a-"'-moistener provided 4 with 'a protector,

" Figure Bais a fragmentary sectional-view won an enlarged scale showing the relative arrangenient of the linings formingithe moistener, v

V Figure 4sis'bottom plan View ofthe protector, and

Figure 5 shows anotheriorm of protector. Like reference characters. designate like parts'throughoutthe several'views.

Each tress or lock 1 of hair is WOHl'ld'OIl a mandrel 2 of the usual kind having its lower end in a'protector 3. These protectors comprise each a disk 13 of yielding or supplema- :.terial,preferablyindia rubber. Each disc 13 has aconical flange "14 surrounding a nie-, =tall-ic body 15; e. g.,'of aluminium having 0ne"'65 :p'ortion conical :and another portion cylindrical. The cylindrical portionof each body 15: extends beyond the flange'l i. P'A circular "hole 16 is *made eccentrically in the 'disc 13, vandaround-it radial notches 17 are out "sym-WO irnietrioally. Below'the disc 18 is" placed a a' sec-ond disc '18 having acentral hole -19- and radialmotchesQO. The look 1 of-hair toibe waved: is threaded first through. the hole 19,. :of the .disc .18" which consequently:bearsrxdi 2' mectly against :the :scalp; and. then through 2: the hole 16 in the disc1'3. These-'tWoholesca-re r; fthenmo-ved .ou-t'of register; Where'byth'e :vapor r :arising from the 1 heated impregnatedstlock is PIEQYBIllZBClIfIOIII passing through iithe holes" azand burningthe head of the :person under iitreatnient. 'The radial notches 17 @and 20 form "elastic points which compress the: base :ofthe lock 1 and .enhancelthe fluidtightness of the protector. a ..A.-conica-l moistener 4 is threadedon. each .Jlock which: is impregnated in :thensual man- --ner with aliquid serving to modify thecera- 1-tiI1. iEachi-moistener 4 comprises anthini'mew -;,.tallic. sheet forming its external-face,and a: layercffibrous .material, .yegetable. ;or rr-minera'l, fiorming its internal face. This lay-- er of fibrous material may be impregnated with any suitable chemical material.

7 The electric heater shown in Figure 2 ..'comprises' 'two tubular members 5 and" 6, "Whereof one (5) open at its ends is surrounded by the other (6). The tube 5 whose internaldi-ameter is *prefera'blynot less than 1 13*n1mxand not more than 16 mm. is longer than the tube 6 and extends at both ends beyond the later. The end 7 of the tube 5 intended to be introduced during the heating operation into the protector 3 of each lock, is slightly splayed in the form of a cone so as to fit the shape of the lock of hair whereof the diameter is greater at the roots.

It is to be noted that the length of the end portion 7 of the tube 5 is less than the height of the protector 3 so that during the heating operation the said end portion cannot come into contact with the bottom of a protector and the lock of hair traversing it.

Between the two members 5 and 6 is placed a resistance or heating element 8. This resistance of coiled wire is wound around the tube 5 suitably insulated. Preferably the coils of the resistance are closer together towards the end 7 of the tube 5 in order to provide greater heat towards the base of the lock 1 and near its roots.

A hollow handle member 9 through which pass conductors 10 for an electric current is fixed at right angles to the member 6. This handle terminates in a grip 11 of wood or convenient material that does not conduct heat or electricity. On this grip 11 is fixed a timepiece 12, e. g. a stop watch, permitting seconds of time of heating each lock of hair to be read on it. In the example illustrated the watch or chronometer 12 is mounted above the grip 11, but if. desired it may be fixed horizontally on a ring 12a rotatably carried by the grip 11 as shown in Fig. 2a.

- In this case the crown of the watch is turned to contact directly with the thumb of the operators hand and the dial lies at 180 to the crown so that its figures face the operators eyes who is thus able to perform with only one hand all the movements of the device necessary for the heating operation. Also, the timepiece may be constructed as or combined with a circuit breaker in such manner as to close the circuit of the resistance 8 when it is started and to open it when it stops.

Instead of being heated electrically the heater may be heated in any other manner.

I In this case, the body 5, 6 is preferably a solid body pierced with a conical duct whereof the conicity corresponds to that of the moistener. This body may be heated, for example, on a gas burner, a spirit burner or in' a suitable furnace or in any other convenient manner.

In order to heat the locks of hair the heating device heated beforehand to the desired temperature is applied successively to all the fected, the moisteners remain in situ until the mandrels 2have cooled. Each moistener is then removed by a single movement, it

being withdrawn by lifting away the allotted protector.

In this manner not only is the liquid modifier, with which the locks are impregnated, I rapidly boiled, but after the heater is rel moved the escape of the vapors generated is prevented and the lock of hair is not immediately cooled. Moreover, the improved process and apparatus described above permit a more rapid and acute action of the heat aluminium or aluminium paper, whilst the layer of fibrous material may be composed of asbestos, asbestos paper or like refractory material. Each moistener may be made by rolling conically onitself a sheet or band formed of the two layers a'liixed one to the other, e. g. by an adhesive, thus making a spiral structure, andclosing the cone thus obtained by pinching its pointed end. Alternatively, the said sheet or band may be rolled up on itself conically or cylindrically and be held in that form by an external ring.

Furthermore, the metallic sheet may be coated with a suitable paint adapted to change its color under the action of the heat of the heating device to indicate the progress of the operation. For the same purpose the metallic sheath of each moistener may carry a movable index for marking the passage of the heater over it or, alternatively, it may carry any mark which the heat of the heater causes to appear or disappear.

These and various other modifications may be made in the details of construction set forth above without departing from the invention asdefined by the claims.

We claim-:; V

1. In hair-waving apparatus, the combination ofa cup-shaped protector comprising at least one disk of yielding material having a hole with radial notches radiating therefrom for the passage of the hair, and a tubular moistener extending into said protector, and forming an annular space between said m'oistener and protector-for the introduction of a heating element.

2. In hair-waving apparatus, the combination of a protector in the form of a socket having at its closed end two disks of yielding material superposed one on the other and having each a hole for the passage of hair, the hole in one disk being out of register with the hole in the other disk, and a-tubular moistener extending into said protector, and forming an annular space between said moistener and protector for the introduction of a heat-' ing element.

3. In hair-waving apparatus, the combination of a protector comprising a disk of yielding material having a conical flange and a hole for the passage of hair, and a'metal ring surrounded by said flange, and a tubular moiste-ner extending into said ring, and forming an annular space between the moistener and ring for the introduction of a heating element, said moistener receiving a man drel on which hair to be treated is wound.

at. In hair-waving apparatus, the comloi nation of a protector comprising two disks of yielding material superposed one on the other and having each a hole for the passage of hair, the hole in one disk being out of register with the hole in the other, and each hole having notches radiating symmetrically therefrom, one of which disks has an upstanding conical flange, a metal ring having a conical portion surrounded by said flange and a cylindrical portion extending beyond the latter, a tubular moistener extending into said ring and bearing on said flanged disk, and forming an annular space between the moistener and ring for the introduction of a heating element, and a mandrel on which hair is to be wound in said moistener.

5. As an article of manufacture, a protector and a tubular moistener comprising a thin metal sheath extending into said protector, which sheath has internally adhering to it a lining of fibrous refractory material.

In testimony whereof We aflix our signatures.

RAYMOND OASTELLA. JEAN NANTUA. 

